![]() ![]() Our goal is to make Girvan one of Scotland's most dog-friendly destinations and I believe we are already well on the way to fulfilling that ambition. A treasure trail: Danger at every turn, to keep you in suspense for hours. "By creating a sticker scheme and a dedicated webpage, we hope dog owners will be inspired to visit when they see just how dog-friendly Girvan is. Stevenson's adventure: A tale that has fascinated millions of readers for years Ubiquitous danger: Take on merciless pirates, well known for their lack of pity and their lust for gold. ![]() "They don't want to compromise on what activities they are able to do during their break so we have been working with local businesses in Girvan to make sure dogs can enjoy their time here just as much as humans. Media and Marketing Officer from Go Girvan, Susanne Arbuckle, said: "We know dogs are very much a part of the family and we are aware that an increasing number of dog owners want to take their pet on holiday with them. Developed by Kheops Studio and published by Nobilis. Many of the businesses have dog treats at the counter and The New Cafe Royale has even introduced a dog menu.įurry companions are also welcome in Girvan’s Community Garden which hosts free live music at weekends, or they can head to Lawrence's Amusement Arcade for some old-fashioned seaside fun.īiosphere Bikes, a local bike hire enterprise, has just added two dog trailers to their range and pooches with four sea legs can join their humans on a boat trip to Ailsa Craig.Īlong with the sticker scheme, a new website page has been created listing all the dog-friendly things to do in the town, along with a list of local dog-friendly accommodationĪ full list of dog-friendly businesses is also available to pick up in Girvan's Tourist Information Point, along with complimentary poo bags.ĭuring August, Go Girvan will be encouraging visitors and locals to upload photos of their pooches enjoying a break in the town to Instagram using #DogFriendlyGirvan, with the best image winning a doggy hamper from Girvan Pet Store. Destination: Treasure Island is an adventure game released in 2006. The protagonists model is shown only during the cutscenes and communication with the NPC. for the kind of excitement that only treasure and treachery can bring, theres no better destination than TREASURE ISLAND Cast and crew. The character instantly moves between screens. Once you select Rent youll have 14 days to start watching the film and 48 hours to finish it. ![]() The camera can be freely rotated 360 degrees. The scheme allows visitors to easily identify local premises that allow dogs inside. Destination: Treasure Island may appeal to fans of the pirate theme. READ MORE: First look as Glasgow gets new southside Loop & Scoop on Victoria RoadĪ new Go Girvan dog-friendly sticker scheme has proved popular with over 20 shops, pubs and cafes already signed up. ![]() After the qualifiers return each day, one will hit the road with a Ford gift card.Parker the pooch indulges in a bit of shopping (Image: Victoria Rose/Flaunt and Flourish) From 7pm-9:30pm on Friday & Saturday and 11am-1:30pm on Sunday, we’ll name 10 winners of up to $1,000 FREE slot play at the top of each hour and two qualifiers at the bottom of each hour. Jeju as the number one tourist destination they want to visit every year. Activate your entries after 6pm on August 25 & 26 and 10am on August 27 by swiping your card at an Island Passport Club kiosk or playing slots, table games or bingo with your card. This treasure island that Koreans love the most is located to the south of. ![]()
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9/2/2023 0 Comments Iphone xs dfu mode![]() You can also download iOS 17 Beta 2 or Beta 3 on your iPhone via iTunes. How to Download iOS 17 Beta Profile on Your iPhone and iPad by iTunes?
9/2/2023 0 Comments Quiplash party pack![]() ![]() Fibbage returns and adds a fantastic 'enough about you' round that makes it more personal to your group. The fourth party pack has some fun and creative games within it. The pack has some great additions but some duds too. It is excellent to see Jackbox getting more ambitious with their games, but sometimes simpler ones work best. It is a fun game, but it often comes down to random guesswork when attempting to find out who the aliens are. Push The Button is one of Jackbox's more ambitious games that takes an alternate approach to Among Us. RELATED: Minigames That Could Theoretically Last Forever Dictionarium can be enjoyable as you create new words, but it isn't the most exciting game. Joke Boat is an attempt at a new Quiplash but feels too restrictive. Role Models is great for getting to know your friends. Trivia Murder Party 2 is fantastic - It captures the tone of the previous version well, and its final round has less of a runaway-winner feel to it. The Jackbox Party Pack 6 is a bit of a mixed bag. Still, there is not enough new content to justify buying them twice. The Jackbox Party Starter does update these games to include the same accessibility options as later Party Pack releases. You'll have more variety with other packs on this list. This starter is probably not worth getting for those that already have other Jackbox Party Packs. The pack is also cheaper than the other options, making it less daunting for newcomers to take a chance and buy it for their friend group. They are all fast-paced games that will get everyone in your group laughing. There is a bit of everything: trivia, jokes, and drawing. It includes Quiplash 3, Tee K.O., and Trivia Murder Party 2, which are all incredible games. The Jackbox Party Starter is a great choice if you have not already purchased some of the other packs and are trying to figure out what is the best Jackbox Party Pack for your group. Get it for Nintendo Switch on Amazon here! This pack offers some creative experiences, but you'll likely not be rushing back for more rounds of most of the games. Split The Room has a great theme, but the game doesn't quite hold up. It can be chaotic fun, but the fiddly controls can make it quite frustrating. You'll attempt to fling your character around an arena to hit your enemies. Zeeple Dome is probably the most unique game here. RELATED: All Jackbox Drawing Mini Games, Ranked You Don't Know Jack returns for more interesting trivia, and Mad Verse City has you crafting lyrics in an epic robot rap battle. ![]() You design silly inventions and pitch them to your friends. Jackbox Party Pack 5's games are worth trying at least once. Your friends will not be disappointed, so let's get the party started. So, which Jackbox is the best for your group?Ĭheck out this list with all the details to determine which one to grab first. ![]() Are they big fans of trivia? Do they enjoy making each other laugh with silly references? Perhaps they enjoy doodling together based on hilarious prompts? The Jackbox games have a lot of variety to cater to all. It depends on what your group enjoys the most. Of course, deciding which Jackbox is the best can be a difficult decision to make. Updated May 14, 2023, by Luke Ackroyd: While we wait for the anticipated next release in the Jackbox Party Pack series, there are still so many fantastic packs to choose from to dive into. You'll likely have a lot of fun no matter what pack you go for, but what party pack offers the most incredible, most entertaining experience? To help make that decision, here are all the Jackbox games ranked. Some of the games involve drawing, while other games are all about writing the funniest answer. With ten fantastic Jackbox Party Packs to choose from, there are now so many different mini-games to try. RELATED: Best Free Web-Browser Party Games To Try ![]() 9/2/2023 0 Comments Bettersnaptools expor![]() ![]() These few things are very easily learned and the effort to do them is far better than having to use Windows or Linux on a daily basis. I don’t remember is Pictures is there or not by default because I dragged the rest of the default user folders over there a long time ago. If it’s not already in the Finder sidebar along with “Recent Items” and such, you can drag folders over to the sidebar. (This creates a shortcut, it doesn’t literally move the Applications folder.) I also right-click on it and select to view it as a folder.īy the same token, your Pictures folder is in Macintosh HD -> Users -> -> Pictures. Cons I couldn’t think of a single con for this app, except maybe for its price. ![]() ![]() One thing I learned how to do the day I got my first Mac: you can open Finder and drag the Applications folder onto the Dock next to the Downloads folder, and then your Applications are right there, always. Pros Offers three methods to organize your app windows drag and drop, keyboard shortcuts, and apps menu. From “Macintosh HD” everything is one or two clicks away. MacOS hides the system folders in Finder specifically for this reason. Mac users learn early on that everything is in Finder. If your mother is that reliant on snapping, she’s not an inexperienced computer user. To be honest, most non-technical Windows users I’ve met simply maximize every application and use it full screen. That alone is almost enough to persuade me to switch. They have an excellent piece of software called OmniFocus that I really want to use. Every computer user used an OS without a window snapping tool up until about ten years ago when Windows 7 introduced it. I have used Windows all my life, viewing Macs as an overpriced and less flexible alternative. ![]() 9/2/2023 0 Comments Zotero vs endnote vs refworks![]() ![]() In your RefWorks database, navigate to References > All references OR If you are exporting. ris file as a new folder, so if you are exporting one folder at a time, your folder structure will be maintained (though you may need to re-name your folder if the. Export your references either all together, or one folder at a time. In Zotero navigate to File > Import and choose the saved.Save the page as export.ris (or whatever you want to call it, but make sure to use the RIS extension). RefWorks in 2023 by cost, reviews, features, integrations, deployment, target market, support options, trial offers, training options, years in business, region, and more using the chart below. A new browser window will appear with all the references in your account (or all references from the folder you selected) formated in the RIS export format. What’s the difference between EndNote and RefWorks Compare EndNote vs.In the Create Bibliography window, select All in List choose Local Bibliographic Software (Endnote.) as the output style and select the TEXT file type.In your RefWorks database, navigate to References > All references OR If you are exporting one folder at a time, navigate to References > and repeat steps below for each folder. Compare price, features, and reviews of the software side-by-side to make the best choice for your business.Export your references either all together, or one folder at a time. ![]() ![]() In the filename field, enter a name ending in ".bib" for BibTeX or ".ris" for RIS export and click 'Save'.Users may can move all of their references from RefWorks to Zotero using the steps below. All four products offer a web-based version that works with recent versions of popular browsers. Table 1 shows platforms and browser compatibility. Compare price, features, and reviews of the software side-by-side to make the best choice for your business. EndNote, Mendeley, and Zotero offer desktop clients, while RefWorks is entirely web-based. Zotero helps writers stay in sync with their research work, and get access to their projects from any web browser of their. You must remember to sync your desktop account to EndNote web for this to work. Users can also format their works to match various publications or style guides. EndNote 20 has sharing capabilities that work with EndNote Online where up to 400 people can be added to share your library through your synced EndNote Online account. EndNote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. EndNote vs Zotero : Which is Better EndNote. In the box labeled Output Style, select either BibTeX Export or 'RefMan (RIS) Export'. All four products offer plug-ins for Microsoft Word. With more than 9000 citation styles, Zotero generates bibliographies and references for its users in MS Word, Google Docs, and LibreOffice. Compare EndNote and Zotero and decide which is better. Check the 'BibTeX Export' and 'RefMan (RIS) Export' options in the list that appears then close the window. In EndNote select Edit > Output Styles > Open Style Manager. In addition to the EndNote XML format, you can also export references to BibTeX and RIS format in EndNote which Mendeley Desktop can also import. Select the file which you exported from EndNote and click Open.Open Mendeley Desktop and click File > Add Files.Choose a name for the file and click the ' Save' button.Some of our earliest posts covered teaching with Zotero groups and making your WordPress blog. xml format, and then Import them with Zotero. We here at ProfHacker are big fans of Zotero. In the window that appears, there is a box labeled 'Files of type:', in that box select ' XML (*.xml)' Note that to export from EndNote to Zotero, you can Export citations from EndNote using the.In EndNote, select the references that you want to import into Mendeley Desktop, and click File > Export.To import your EndNote library, you need to first export your references to an 'EndNote XML' file and then import that into Mendeley Desktop ![]() ![]() Of course, you can buy some for a couple of bucks but they don’t come included. Sadly you don’t get an ankle strap so it would be very difficult to attach the handles on your lower body and target the legs. Number and variety of exercises: Because of the dual pulley set instead of one and the extra-long handles that come with the machine you can do plenty of different exercises mainly focusing on the upper body. That’s why I would give it a 9 out of 10 when it comes to value per money. I really like this cable machine because it’s priced only of a small fraction compared to the majority of the heavy and bulky cable machines but still gives you a huge variety of different exercises. Price and overall value: Because of the low price for a cable machine you get a ton of value in return. Valor Fitness BD62 Mount Station – Best Wall Mounted Cable Machine for Home GymĬlick Here to check Valor Fitness BD62’s latest price on Amazon < Use all that data to compare them and pick a winner. ![]() That way you would know which one is the right one for you depending on the results they get. What makes it unique and better than the rest?. ![]() In order to help you make the right decision, I’m going to review and compare each one of the 5 cable machines below into 10 unique and important categories: That way you will see everything and pick the one that fits your personal criteria the best. If you are serious about working out in your home gym I highly recommend you to pick one of these 5 options.īelow you will find 5 unique and different models which differentiate one another in a lot of things. The world’s best cable machines for your home gym that you can afford. Power cage, pull-up bar and full cable crossoverīest Ceiling Mounted Lat Pulldown Cable Pulley Machine for Small Home Gym (Budget)Ĭheap, portable and easy to setup and useĬonclusion Top 5 Best Cable Machines for Home Gym You Can Afford Valor Fitness BD-7 Power Rack with Cable Machineīest Plate Loaded Cable Crossover Machine for Home Gym Most Versatile Commercial Cable Machine for Home Gym With that being said let’s see a quick preview of what are the top 5 best cable machines for home gym and why I like them so much: Numberīest Wall Mounted Cable Machine for Home Gymīest Plate Loaded Lat Pulldown Cable Machine If I already didn’t have one I would 100% buy this one.Ĭlick Here to check Valor Fitness BD61’s latest price on Amazon ![]() I was shocked when I learned how little it was priced for! It’s super stable (attached to the wall), has all the important attachments you need, is completely adjustable (we have trained every single muscle group on it) and the cable and weights move smoothly up and down without any noise or unnecessary friction. Top weight plate is fitted with self-lubricating bushingsħ/16" (11 mm) diameter weight selector pin magnetically locks in place and is connected to stack to prevent lossĢ8.My friend’s cable machine I’m talking about Standard rear shrouds Optional front shrouds Hand grips are a durable urethane composite Grips retained with aluminum collars, preventing them from slipping during useĮasy-to-follow instructions illustrate proper use and muscles trainedĤ-1/2" (11 cm) and 6" (15 cm) diameter fiberglass-impregnated nylon pulleys feature sealed bearings military specificationsĬontoured cushions utilize a molded foam for superior comfort and durabilityġ1-gauge steel frame ensures maximum structural integrity Standard rubber feet protect base of the frame and prevent the machine from slipping Each frame receives an electrostatic powder coat finish to ensure maximum adhesion and durability 7x19 strand construction, lubricated, nylon-coated cable meets U.S. ![]() 9/2/2023 0 Comments Vienna at christmas 2022![]() ![]() Stained glass, wood carvings and even some interesting clocks are among the handicrafts here. With a focus on arts and crafts, the Am Hof market is a great place to find some unique souvenirs or gifts. Two rows of wooden huts are set in front of the Cathedral, which is illuminated at night. Opening Hours: 12 – 8 pm Christmas Village at StephansplatzĪnother larger market, the Christmas Village at Stephansplatz is right in the center of the city beside the impressive St. There’s also plenty for kids to do, from rides where they pedal their way around a track to workshops and a large open straw area for kids to play in. The food and drinks sold here are all organic, and you’ll find dishes varying from zucchini noodles and buckwheat crepes, potato goulash and some decadent raclette. There’s also plenty of food and drinks here, although it you won’t find the same food as in the larger markets. You might even find the artisans at work in their stall. Browse a range of handicrafts from clothing to jewellery and ceramics to fine art. This market is unique though, as every stallholder must make their own products to sell, which guarantees you’ll find unique gifts. The actual name of the market is the Art Advent, and the market lives up to that name with plenty of arts and crafts to purchase. It’s only a few blocks from the Rathaus but there’s a completely different feel to this market. The Christmas Village at Maria Theresien Platz is another large market, located between two 19th century museums, the Natural History and Art History Museums. Closes at 6:30pm on Dec 24, 25, 26 Christmas Village at Maria-Theresien-Platz In addition to the vendor stalls, there’s also an illuminated ice skating trail through City Hall Park, as well as plenty of light installations and a large tree of hearts.įor kids, there’s a 2 level carousel and in the adjoining park, there’s a ferris wheel, reindeer train, nativity scene trail and a separate small skating rink. Many of the stalls feature crafts made of glass or wood and are made by local Austrian artisans or those from nearby areas. ![]() Held in front of the Rathaus, or City Hall, with a large Christmas tree in the center, this market is truly impressive with thousands of lights and traditional wooden stalls selling decorations, food, drinks and gifts.īrowse the handicrafts and ornaments at the vendor stalls, sample some delicious food and warm up with a glass of warm mulled wine. Vienna’s Christkindlmarkt is the largest and most recognizable of the markets in Vienna. Altes AKH has plenty of rides and an adjoining playground for kidsĪlles Gute im neuen Jahr – Happy New Yearĭanke schön (“dan kuh shone) – Thanks very much Best Christmas Markets in Vienna Vienna Christkindlmarkt.Wintermarkt at Riesenradplatz has Vienna’s iconic giant ferris wheel, a winter train and plenty of other rides.Schonbrönn Palace has a Children’s Museum and the Vienna Zoo.Christkindl Market at Rathausplatz has rides, decorations and light illuminations in the adjacent park, a lighted ice skating trail and a nativity scene trail. ![]() currywurst: sausage, usually cut and topped with curried ketchup and friesĪnd of course, there’s roasted chestnuts and plenty of mulled wine as well as other hot drinks available.lebkuchen: a type of hard gingerbread formed in various shapes and decorated with icing.stollen: a cross between fruit bread and fruit cake.The Vienna Christmas markets are a foodie’s paradise, with plenty of baked goods, grilled foods and warm drinks. Handcrafted items include leather, wood, glass and pottery, as well we locally made jams, honey, schnapps – all perfect gifts! Food and Drinks at the Markets You’ll also find hats, scarves and warm mitts, perfect to keep you warm while you’re in Vienna. Look for handcrafted wooden toys, candles and lights, glass ornaments, and wood-carved nativity scenes or figures. The Christmas Markets in Vienna are a great opportunity to pick up some traditional and locally made decorations, ornaments, and souvenirs. Map of the Christmas Markets in Vienna – click here to zoom in What to Buy at the Markets Christmas Village at Maria Theresien Platz. ![]() 9/2/2023 0 Comments Bangkok noi thai![]() ![]() A huge plus is the Michelin-starred restaurant Côte by Mauro Colagreco, the genius behind the famed Mirazur, a 3-Star Michelin restaurant that was once ranked the No.1 in the World's Best 50 restaurants. They can tailor-make the spice level of the dishes, and you can choose to dine indoors or outdoors, taking in the charming ambience. ![]() But the real gem was their Thai restaurant, Phra Nakhon, overseen by the lovely Chef Kannika. The food at Capella is stunning, with an enormous breakfast spread that includes a buffet and various local, Japanese, Chinese, and international a la carte options. And let’s not forget the jaw-dropping 1000 sq metre spa.Īn offering from Capella’s Thai restaurant, Phra Nakhon Karen Anand The smooth airport transfers in a Mercedes S Class somehow managed to tame Bangkok’s notorious traffic, and the boat shuttle to Icon Siam was a real plus. The complimentary add-ons, like pressing, Cin Cin happy hour at Stella, and having a personal ‘culturist’ – a cross between a butler and concierge – made my stay even more special. The elegant decor, great service, stylish spaces that seamlessly blend indoor and outdoor areas, and the thoughtful touches like stunning flower arrangements, exquisite Wedgwood crockery served at Japanese high tea, and the leather and brocade lined tote bags in the room added a touch of luxury. The average room size alone is equivalent to a junior suite in most hotels! I can’t stop thinking about my villa – floor-to-ceiling glass walls allowed me to gaze at the serene Chao Phraya River amidst the bustling city. It was recently voted the No.1 Best Hotel Brand in the World and No.1 Best Hotel in Bangkok by Travel + Leisure World. The hotel is an urban sanctuary of sorts, with river-facing villas, surrounded by lush gardens and outdoor plunge pools. In bustling Bangkok, you’ll crave a stay that’s both conveniently close to everything yet provides a luxurious escape from the city’s chaos. This scenery was recounted in at least two poems by Sunthorn Phu (1786–1855), a poet of that era, who was born in Bangkok Noi.Capella is an urban sanctuary of sorts, with river-facing villas, surrounded by lush gardens and outdoor plunge pools Courtesy: Capella Hotels & Resorts In the early- Rattanakosin period, there was a floating market where vendor's boats and wooden houseboats mingled, lining up along the waterways to Bang Bamru and Bang Khun Non. Eventually, the river diverted through the new canal, and its old course became the two canals known today as Khlong Bangkok Yai and Khlong Bangkok Noi. ![]() As time passed, the new canal was eroded and became gradually wider. In 1552, during the reign of King Chairachathirat of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, he ordered the construction of a canal bypassing the meander to shorten travel time, known as Khlong Lat Bangkok (คลองลัดบางกอก 'Bangkok Short-Cut Canal'). The canal, along with its counterpart Khlong Bangkok Yai, was initially a meandering part of the Chao Praya River's original course. The canal terminates at the confluence with Khlong Om Non and Khlong Bang Yai at the Old Bang Yai Market in Bang Yai District, Nonthaburi Province, along the way, it is also connected to many canals, such as Khlong Chak Phra, Khlong Maha Sawat, Khlong Bang Kruai.įor this reason it has been promoted as one of the cultural tourism routes, as well as other canals in Bangkok and the vicinity. The current flows north through many historical and cultural landmarks, such as Ansorissunnah Royal Mosque, National Museum of Royal Barges, Wat Suwannaram, Thon Buri railway station, Wat Amarintharam, and Wat Si Sudaram, a Thai temple known as the place where the poet Sunthorn Phu studied in his childhood, as well as Wat Bang Oi Chang in Nonthaburi Province, etc. The mouth of Khlong Bangkok Noi is located beside Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital (SiPH) and the former Bangkok Noi railway station (now the location of Thonburi Railway Station Pier). Khlong Bangkok Noi ( Thai: คลองบางกอกน้อย, pronounced lit 'Small Bangkok Canal') is a khlong (คลอง canal) in Bangkok its name is the origin of the name Bangkok Noi District. ![]() Khlong Bangkok Noi near Wat Sri Sudaram A map showing Chao Praya river's original course and its shortcut canals. ![]() ![]() ![]() And, like all our lingerie collections, this one is made in the USA, so you can spoil yourself a little and spice up your wardrobe while keeping your budget balanced. Plus, our large selection of wedding lingerie is sure to boost the sexy fun on your holiday honeymoon! This collection has something to make every woman feel comfortable and confident. Shop for cute accessories, including corsets, lingerie pasties, and lingerie stockings, which are perfect for wearing underneath your holiday outfit or for creating a sexy outfit for raves, nights at the club, or other fun events. Olifan app gratis Emma Peel Nude Begging to stop cumming (10 pics). 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The collection, designed by Roma Confidential, is made up of sexy, elegant lingerie sets and lingerie costumes perfect for perking up this year’s holiday festivities. ![]() 9/1/2023 0 Comments All different nose shapes![]() ![]() Nasal vowels and nasal consonants are produced in the process of nasalisation. The nose is also involved in the function of speech. The area of olfactory epithelium, in the upper nasal cavity, contains specialised olfactory cells responsible for this function. Sneezing can transmit infections, because aerosols are created in which the droplets can harbour pathogens.Īnother major function of the nose is olfaction, the sense of smell. Sneezing is a reflex to expel unwanted particles from the nose that irritate the mucosal lining. Filtering of the air by nasal hair in the nostrils prevents large particles from entering the lungs. Nasal conchae, shell-like bones in the walls of the cavities, play a major part in this process. The nasal mucosa lining the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses carries out the necessary conditioning of inhaled air by warming and moistening it. The nose has an important function in breathing. On average, the nose of a male is larger than that of a female. The shape of the nose is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages, including the nasal septum which separates the nostrils and divides the nasal cavity into two. It is also the principal organ in the olfactory system. It bears the nostrils and is the first organ of the respiratory system. Learn how a nasal swab could help to diagnose lung cancer.The human nose is the most protruding part of the face. As Zaidi says, “these traits are important to study because they are likely tied to our health, especially as we become more of a global community and migrate to new climes.” For instance, lactose intolerance, sickle cell anemia, and skin cancer are more prevalent in some populations.įuture research may investigate whether the size of an individual’s nasal cavity has an impact on respiratory conditions for those who now live in climates different from their ancestors’. Knowing how humans adapt is essential for understanding certain diseases and conditions. The current findings are fascinating in their own right, but they could also have implications for medicine. Traits like skin pigmentation and nostril width are exceptions rather than the rule. ![]() This finding is in line with the consensus that most human variation is shared among populations and primarily due to genetic drift. “Even though there are substantial differences in nose shape among human populations, much of this variation can be explained by random genetic drift alone. If a certain culture finds larger noses attractive, then individuals with genes that prescribe a larger nose are more likely to breed and spread their large nose genes to the next generation. For instance, cultural preferences for nose shape are thought to play a part. ![]() Of course, climate is not the only factor that has had a large impact on the evolution of the nose. Over time, this would have slowly driven nose size down. This would help individuals with narrower noses to survive better in colder climes and, therefore, be more likely to reproduce. The theory is that narrower nostrils alter airflow in such a way that the mucus-covered nasal membrane can warm and humidify incoming air more efficiently. Why does nose size matter in colder environments? This suggests that climate was a driving factor in the evolution of nose shape. They also found that wider nostrils correlated with populations whose ancestors evolved in warmer, more humid regions. Once the 3-D data had been analyzed, the team concluded that the width of the nostrils and the base of nose measurements across these regions could not be explained by chance alone. The team measured each individual’s nostril width, the distance between nostrils, the height of the nose, the length of the ridge, nose protrusion, external nose area, and the area of the nostrils. Their results are published today in PLOS Genetics. The team, led by Arslan Zaidi and Mark Shriver, examined people of West African, East Asian, South Asian, and Northern European ancestry. Researchers set out to uncover whether nose size evolved as an adaptation to climate. Thomson’s nose rule has previously been examined by studying skulls but, for the first time, the theory has been tested using live humans and 3-D facial imaging. This rule is now referred to as Thomson’s nose rule.Īlthough the rule is well-established, it was not clear whether the differences arose as a response to selection pressures, or whether it was simply due to genetic drift – chance mutations, conserved without any particular survival benefits. As far back as the 1800s, Arthur Thomson – a British anatomist and anthropologist – pointed out that long, thin noses tended to occur in colder, drier regions, whereas shorter, wider noses more often appeared in hotter, more humid areas. ![]() |
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